Base Oil
Everything about base oil that must know!
Base oil is a kind of oil that is considered as a base for lubricants. After adding additives to the base oil, the final lubricant is obtained. Base oils are the most critical component of lubricants in terms of volume, and in terms of weight, on average, they make up more than 95% of the formulation of a roller.
Since most of the base oils used in the production of lubricants are obtained from petroleum sources, the base oil industry is considered a part of the petroleum industry.
Applications of base oil:
Base oil makes up 75-80% of the final product in today’s car engine oils. The add-on package accounts for another 10 to 20 percent. A viscosity index improver, added to reduce degrees of viscosity loss due to high temperatures, occupies another 5-10%. Various inhibitors account for less than 1% of the remainder.
Base oil is produced by refining crude oil. A 42-gallon barrel of crude oil can produce about 45 gallons of petroleum products, but only about 4.4 gallons, or less than 1 percent, goes into making lubricants. A major part of it is allocated to gasoline, diesel fuel, and kerosene-type jet fuel.
What is the difference in base oil groups?
ll lubricants consist of base oil. Typically, lubricants consist of 90% base oil and 10% additives. The American Petroleum Institute (API) has classified base oils into five groups, characterized by saturation level, sulfur level, and viscosity index.
saturation level
Saturates are a type of molecule commonly found in the base oil. They are naturally present in the base oil, but higher levels of saturation are achieved during the refining process. If the level of saturation is higher, the molecular bond of the oil is stronger. This increases resistance to breakage and oxidation or loss of viscosity.
- Sulfur level
Sulfur is a natural mineral found in crude oil. Because it reacts with oxygen, it can be harmful to the performance of the oil. It can also damage the exhaust of after-treatment devices. In addition to these negative aspects of sulfur, there are some positive aspects as well. Sulfur can be an effective antioxidant that improves oxidative stability. When the amount of sulfur is less, its purity is better, which reduces the possibility of corrosion and oxidation.
- Viscosity index
The viscosity index refers to changes in viscosity compared to oil temperature. Viscosity is measured at 40°C and 100°C. When the viscosity index is high, the changes in the temperature difference are less. All oils increase in viscosity with decreasing temperature and decrease with increasing temperature.
Types of Base Oil
Group I, II, and III are from crude oil (mineral oil), Group IV is fully synthetic oil, and Group V is for all base oils that do not fall into one of the other groups.
1. first group
Group I oils are solvent refined, which is a simpler refining process and makes them the least refined and therefore the cheapest base oils available. Solvent-refined oils are usually composed of a mixture of different hydrocarbon molecules that cannot be distinguished in the refining process. This results in an oil with irregular molecules, which increases friction within the oil. Therefore, Group I oils are often used in low-demand applications.
2. The second group
Group II base oils undergo hydrocracking, which is a more complex process than Group I oils. Hydrocracking is a process that breaks down large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller molecules. Molecules
3. The third group
Group III oils go through an even longer process than Group II oils. This process, called severe hydrocracking, is also more severe. More pressure and heat are applied during the refinery process. This results in a purer, higher-quality base oil. Even though Group III oils are derived from crude oil, they are sometimes described as synthetic hydrocarbons.
4. The fourth group
Group IV base oils are polyalphaolefins. These are not extracted but are made from small uniform molecules. This is also the biggest advantage of PAOs because they can be completely designed to have a structure with predictable properties. They are very suitable for use in extremely cold or extremely hot conditions.
5. The fifth group
Group V oils consist of any type of base oil other than those listed in the previously defined groups. If the oil is synthetic and not PAO, the base oil is Group V. They include oils and naphthenic esters. Usually, group V oils are not used as base oils, but as an additive to other base oils.
Classification of Base oil GROUP I:
Base oil sn60
Base oil sn60 is a light base oil that has several parameters at the lowest level for lubricant stock.
Base oil sn60 is a Group I base oil that is derived from the further processing of vacuum distillates of specific crude oil fractions.
Applications:
- lubricants and lubricant additives production
- Soluble & Neat Cutting Oil
- Textile Lubricants such as Conning Oil
- Antistatic Oil, Spin Finish Oil and Shoe Polish, Pigments
- Agricultural Spray Oil, Mold Oil, and White or Paraffin Oils
Base oil sn70
Base oil sn70 is light base oil and is derived from the further processing of vacuum distillates of specific crude oil fractions.
Applications
- lubricants and lubricant additives production
- Soluble & Neat Cutting Oil, Textile Lubricants such as Conning Oil
- Antistatic Oil, Spin Finish Oil
- Shoe Polish, Pigments, and Agricultural Spray Oil
- Mold Oil, White & Paraffin Oils
Base oil sn 80
Base oil sn 80 has good performance in a wide temperature range and low sulfur, which is used in the production of lubricants and lubrication additives.
Application:
- lubricants and lubricant additives production
- Soluble & Neat Cutting Oil, Textile Lubricants such as Conning Oil
- Antistatic Oil, Spin Finish Oil
- Shoe Polish, Pigments, and Agricultural Spray Oil
- Mold Oil, White & Paraffin Oils
Base oil sn 100
SN100 is a base oil
that is derived from the further processing of vacuum distillates of specific crude oil fractions.
Base oil sn 100 is a mineral-based non-synthetic base oil.
Applications:
- Soluble & Neat Cutting Oil, Textile Lubricants such as Conning Oil
- Antistatic Oil, Spin Finish Oil
- Shoe Polish, Pigments
- Agricultural Spray Oil, Mold Oil
- White & Paraffin Oil
Base oil sn 150
Base oil sn 150 is the result of solvent extraction and waxing processes.
Application:
Base oil sn150 is used as one of the best group I base oils in the formulation of gasoline and diesel engine oils, industrial lubricants, greases, and special products.
- Soluble & Neat Cutting Oil, Textile Lubricants such as Conning Oil
- Antistatic Oil, Spin Finish Oil
- Shoe Polish, Pigments
- Agricultural Spray Oil, Mold Oil
- White & Paraffin Oils
Base oil sn 300
Base oil sn 300 is a light-grade base oil and it belongs to Grade I of base oils.
Application:
Sn 300 is used in lubricant additive production such as mold oil, transmission fluids, gear oils, metal working fluids, hydraulic oils, and transformer oils.
Base oil sn 300 has a long shelf life and it is used in mold oil, transmission fluids, metal working fluids, gear oils, and additives.
- Soluble & Neat Cutting Oil, Textile Lubricants such as Conning Oil
- Antistatic Oil, Spin Finish Oil
- Shoe Polish, Pigments
- Agricultural Spray Oil, Mold Oil
- White & Paraffin Oils
Base oil sn 500
Base Oil sn500 is from group I in the categorization of base oil. Its base stocks less than 90 % saturates and more than 0.03% sulfur.
Base Oil sn500 has a viscosity index of more than or equal to 80 and less than 120.
Application:
it is used in the manufacturing of many lubricants oil.
Mostly for producing
base oil uses sn500 as an additive in their other product. Also, for blending and compounding are other users of base oil SN500
Base Oil SN500 is used in different other oils such as engine oil, motor oil, hydraulic oil, gear oil, etc.
- Soluble & Neat Cutting Oil
- Textile Lubricants such as Conning Oil
- Antistatic Oil, Spin Finish Oil
- Shoe Polish, Pigments, and Agricultural Spray Oil
- Mold Oil, White & Paraffin Oils
Base oil SN 600
Base oil SN 600 is a kind of base oil at the upper end of the specifications for Grade I base oils. SN 600 has undergone solvent refining and dewaxing processes.
Application:
Base oil SN600 shows
a lot of blending coverage with performance capabilities in a broad range of lubricant applications such as marine, automotive and industrial applications.
- Soluble & Neat Cutting Oil, Textile Lubricants such as Conning Oil
- Antistatic Oil, Spin Finish Oil, Shoe Polish
- Pigments, Agricultural Spray Oil
- Mold Oil, White & Paraffin Oils
Price of
base oil for different groups
The price of Group III base oil is higher than group I and II. Group III base oils are considered by many technical people to be mineral oils because they are obtained directly from the refining of crude oil.
However, these oils are considered synthetic base oils by others for marketing purposes because it is believed that the harsher hydrogen process has created new chemical oil structures that did not exist before the process. It has synthesized (created) new hydrocarbon structures.
Availability
Grand Petroleum Company can provide the types of base oil bitumen:
• Drum
• Bulk
Order
Grand Petroleum Company is ready to cooperate and provide your requests for sale in the domestic and foreign markets (exports).
For more information, please contact us
